Grades 6 to 8
These recommendations come from resources like The Horn Book, Scholastic, and the Association of Library Service for Children. Each child learns to read at their own pace and these lists are suggestions for the age level indicated. The titles on each list are just a starting point and not meant to be exhaustive.
Use the links below to browse each category:
Chapter Books | Graphic Novels | Nonfiction and Biographies
Chapter Books
Dream, Annie, Dream by Waka T. Brown, available as Print
In this empowering deconstruction of the so-called American Dream, a twelve-year-old Japanese American girl grapples with, and ultimately rises above, the racism and trials of middle school she experiences while chasing her dreams. As the daughter of immigrants who came to America for a better life, Annie Inoue was raised to dream big. And at the start of seventh grade, she’s channeling that irrepressible hope into becoming the lead in her school play. So when Annie lands an impressive role in the production of The King and I, she’s thrilled…until she starts to hear grumbles from her mostly white classmates that she only got the part because it’s an Asian play with Asian characters. Is this all people see when they see her? Is this the only kind of success they’ll let her have – one that they can tear down or use race to belittle? Disheartened but determined, Annie channels her hurt into a new dream: showing everyone what she’s made of.
Beasts and Beauty: Dangerous Tales by Soman Chainani, available as Print
Twelve tales, twelve dangerous tales of mystery, magic, and rebellious hearts. Each twists like a spindle to reveal truths of warning and triumph, truths that free hearts long kept tame, truths that explore life, and death. A prince has a surprising awakening. A beauty fights like a beast. A boy refuses to become prey. A path to happiness is lost, then found again. New York Times bestselling author Soman Chainani respins old stories into fresh fairy tales for a new era and creates a world like no other. These stories know you. They understand you. They reflect you. They are tales for our times. So read on, if you dare.
Muted by Tami Charles, available as Print | eAudiobook
For seventeen-year-old Denver, music is everything. Writing, performing, and her ultimate goal: escaping her very small, very white hometown. So Denver is more than ready on the day she and her best friends Dali and Shak sing their way into the orbit of the biggest R&B star in the world, Sean Mercury Ellis. Merc gives them everything: parties, perks, wild nights — plus hours and hours in the recording studio. Even the painful sacrifices and the lies the girls have to tell are all worth it. Until they’re not.
Quarantine: A Love Story by Katie Cicatelli-Kuc, available as eBook
Oliver wants a girlfriend, and there’s a girl back home who might be interested in him. The problem is, he has to spend his spring break on a volunteer trip in the Dominican Republic. Flora, on the other hand, isn’t really looking for a boyfriend. She just wants to end a miserable spring break visiting her dad and her new stepmom in the D.R.The solution to both their problems? Get back home to New York ASAP. Sadly, they won’t be getting there anytime soon. Their hopes are dashed when Flora’s impulsiveness lands them in quarantine — just the two of them. Now, the two teens must come together in order to survive life in a bubble for 30 days. In that time, love will bloom. But is it the real thing, or just a placebo effect? In her debut novel, Katie Cicatelli-Kuc delivers an introspective and witty story about finding love in the most unexpected place.
Remedy by Eireann Corrigan, available as Print
It’s a mystery–why is Cara so sick? It feels like she’s been sick all her life . . . but she and her mom have never stayed in one place long enough for doctors to really understand what’s happening to her. Now, at fourteen, Cara is tired of being tired, and sick of being sick. She’s trying to get better . . . but it’s only getting worse. Unable to afford the care she needs, Cara’s mom starts a Caring for Cara campaign online. The money starts pouring in. But something’s not right to Cara. And the harder she looks, the less she understands.
Boy, Everywhere by A.M. Dassu, available as eBook
What turns citizens into refugees and then immigrants? In this powerful middle-grade debut, Sami and his family embark on a harrowing journey to save themselves from the Syrian civil war. Sami loves his life in Damascus, Syria. He hangs out with his best friend playing video games; he’s trying out for the football team; he adores his family and gets annoyed by them in equal measure. But his comfortable life gets sidetracked abruptly after a bombing in a nearby shopping mall. Knowing that the violence will only get worse, Sami’s parents decide they must flee their home for the safety of the UK.
Partly Cloudy by Tanita S. Davis, available as Print
In desperate need of clear skies as she starts a new school, Madalyn has days filled with clouds that lead to serious storms until she learns the power of community and family after disaster strikes.
We Belong by Cookie Hiponia Everman, available as Print
Through a bedtime story to her daughters, a woman weaves together her immigration story and Filipino mythology.
Frankie & Bug by Gayle Forman, available as Print | eBook | eAudiobook
In the summer of 1987 in Venice, California, ten-year-old Bu and her new friend Frankie learn important lessons about life, family, being your true self, and how to navigate in a world that is not always just or fair.
The Last Cuentista by Donna Barba Higuera, available as Print | eBook | Playaway | eAudiobook
A girl named Petra Pena, who wanted nothing more than to be a storyteller, like her abuelita. But Petra’s world is ending. Earth has been destroyed by a comet, and only a few hundred scientists and their children – among them Petra and her family – have been chosen to journey to a new planet. They are the ones who must carry on the human race. Hundreds of years later, Petra wakes to this new planet – and the discovery that she is the only person who remembers Earth. A sinister Collective has taken over the ship during its journey, bent on erasing the sins of humanity’s past. They have systematically purged the memories of all aboard – or purged them altogether. Petra alone now carries the stories of our past, and with them, any hope for our future. Can she make them live again?
How to Find What You’re Not Looking For by Veera Hiranandani, available as Print | eAudiobook
Twelve-year-old Ariel Goldberg’s life feels like the moment after the final guest leaves the party. Her family’s Jewish bakery runs into financial trouble, and her older sister has eloped with a young man from India following the Supreme Court decision that strikes down laws banning interracial marriage. As change becomes Ariel’s only constant, she’s left to hone something that will be with her always – her own voice.
You Should See Me in a Crown by Leah Johnson, available as Print | eBook | eAudiobook
Liz Lighty has always done her best to avoid the spotlight in her small, wealthy, and prom-obsessed midwestern high school, after all, her family is black and rather poor, especially since her mother died; instead she has concentrated on her grades and her musical ability in the hopes that it will win her a scholarship to elite Pennington College and their famous orchestra where she plans to study medicine–but when that scholarship falls through she is forced to turn to her school’s scholarship for prom king and queen, which plunges her into the gauntlet of social media which she hates and leads her to discoveries about her own identity and the value of true friendships.
Those Kids from Fawn Creek by Erin Entrada Kelly, available as Print
The twelve kids in the seventh grade at Fawn Creek K-12 have been together all their lives so when graceful Orchid Mason arrives, with exotic clothes and glorious hair, the other seventh graders do not know what to think.
In the Key of Us by Mariama Lockington, available as Print
While twelve-year-old Andi has suffered from anxiety attacks ever since her mother died ten months ago, Zora started hurting herself whenever she feels out of control; they are both at Camp Harmony, an elite summer music camp, trying to deal with their problems and also the stress of competition – but as the summer passes they find themselves increasingly drawn to each other, and maybe not just as friends.
Battle Dragons: City of Thieves by Alex London, available as Print | eBook
To protect his friends and family, Abel must figure out what is worth fighting for when he partners with a stolen dragon, an action that has him riding in kin battles and keeping more secrets than a dragon has scales.
Aviva vs. the Dybbuk by Mari Lowe, available as Print
As tensions escalate in the Jewish community of Beacon with incidents of vandalism and a swastika carved into new concrete poured near the synagogue, so does the tension grow between Aviva and Kayla and the girls at their school, and so do the actions of the dybbuk grow worse. Could real harm be coming Aviva’s way? And is it somehow related to the “accident” that took her father years ago?
Too Bright to See by Kyle Lukoff, available as Print | eBook | eAudiobook
It’s the summer before middle school and eleven-year-old Bug’s best friend Moira has decided the two of them need to use the next few months to prepare. For Moira, this means figuring out the right clothes to wear, learning how to put on makeup, and deciding which boys are cuter in their yearbook photos than in real life. But none of this is all that appealing to Bug, who doesn’t particularly want to spend more time trying to understand how to be a girl. Besides, there’s something more important to worry about: a ghost is haunting Bug’s eerie old house in rural Vermont…and maybe haunting Bug in particular. As Bug begins to untangle the mystery of who this ghost is and what they’re trying to say, an altogether different truth comes to light – Bug is transgender.
A Kind of Spark by Elle McNicoll, available as Print
When she discovers that her small Scottish town used to burn witches simply because they were different, a neurodivergent girl who sees and hears things others cannot refuses to let them be forgotten.
Pony by R.J. Palacio, available as Print | eBook
Twelve-year-old Silas is awoken in the dead of night by three menacing horsemen who take his father away. Silas is left shaken, scared, and alone, except for the presence of his companion, Mittenwool…who happens to be a ghost. When a pony shows up at his door, Silas makes the courageous decision to leave his home and embark on a perilous journey to find his father. Along the way, he will face his fears to unlock the secrets of his past and explore the unfathomable mysteries around him.
Sorry Not Sorry by Jaime Reed, available as Print
Janelle and Alyssa used to be friends. Best friends. They knew each other’s deepest secrets and went through the hardest times together. But that was then. Now? Their status is somewhere between frenemies and full-on rivals. Janelle is all about making a difference in her community, while Alyssa reigns over the shallowest girls in school. Until the day Alyssa collapses and is rushed to the hospital. Suddenly, everyone knows about her declining health and race against time. And, in a stunning twist of fate, the only person who might be able to save Alyssa’s life — is Janelle. But will the girls’ bitter past get in the way of their futures? With a fresh, unforgettable voice, Jaime Reed spins a riveting and empowering story of female friendship and how the difficult choices we make — or don’t make — can change our lives.
Ain’t Burned All the Bright by Jason Reynolds, available as Print | eBook | eAudiobook
A smash up of art and text that viscerally captures what it is to be Black. In America. Right Now.
Ellen Outside the Lines by A.J. Sass, available as Print
Ellen, an autistic thirteen-year-old, navigates a new city, shifting friendships, a growing crush, and her queer and Jewish identities while on a class trip to Barcelona, Spain.
Just Like That by Gary D. Schmidt, available as Print | eAudiobook
Following the deaht of her closest friend in summer 1968, Meryl Lee Kowalski goes off to St. Elene’s Preparatory Academy for Girls, where she struggles to navigate the venerable boarding school’s traditions and a social structure heavily weighted toward students from wealthy backgrounds. In a parallel story, Matt Coffin has wound up on the Maine coast near St. Elene’s with a pillowcase full of money lifted from the leader of a criminal gang, fearing the gang’s relentless, destructive pursuit. Both young people gradually dispel their loneliness, finding a way to be hopeful and also finding each other.
Kaleidoscope by Brian Selznick, available as Print | eBook | Playaway | eAudiobook
A ship. A garden. A library. A key. In Kaleidoscope, the incomparable Brian Selznick presents the story of two people bound to each other through time and space, memory and dreams. At the center of their relationship is a mystery about the nature of grief and love which will look different to each reader. Kaleidoscope is a feat of storytelling that illuminates how even the wildest tales can help us in the hardest times.
The Last Mapmaker by Christina Soontornvat, available as Print
A high-seas adventure set in a Thai-inspired fantasy world. This is the story of a young woman’s struggle to unburden herself of the past and chart her own destiny in a world of secrets. An assistant to Mangkon’s most celebrated mapmaker, twelve-year-old Sai plays the part of a well-bred young lady with a glittering future. In reality, her father is a conman – and in a kingdom where the status of one’s ancestors dictates their social position, the truth could ruin her. Sai seizes the chance to join an expedition to chart the southern seas, but she isn’t the only one aboard with secrets. When Sai learns that the ship might be heading for the fabled Sunderlands – a land of dragons, dangers, and riches beyond imagining – she must weigh the cost of her dreams. Vivid, suspenseful, and thought-provoking, this tale of identity and integrity is as intricate as the maps of old.
Mister Impossible by Maggie Stiefvater, available as Print | eBook | eAudiobook
Ronan, Hennessy, and Bryde are dreamers; Ronan’s dreams always seem to end in random destruction, using up the power of the ley lines he cannot even sense; Hennessy makes multiple copies of herself, dreaming them into reality in search of her own fragile identity, and Bryde dreams of power and reordering his companions and the world to his own specifications; their families and duplicates are the collateral damage of their dreams–and meanwhile they are hunted by the “Moderators,” led by Carmen Farooq-Lane and the “Visionary” Liliana, determined to destroy the dreamers and save the world.
On the Hook by Francisco X. Stork, available as Print
Hector has always worked hard and minded his own business. He wants to be captain of his school’s chess team, go to college, and help his family make their way to a better life someday. Until Joey singles him out. Joey, whose older brother, Chavo, is head of the Discípulos gang, tells Hector that he’s going to kill him: maybe not today, or tomorrow, but someday. And Hector, frozen with fear, does nothing. From that day forward, Hector’s death hangs over his head every time he leaves the house. He tries to fade into the shadows, to drop off Joey’s radar, to become no one. But when a fight between Chavo and Hector’s brother Fili escalates, Hector is left with no choice but to take a stand. The violent confrontation lands Hector in a reform school where he has to live side-by-side with his enemy, Joey. There, it’s up to Hector to choose whether he’s going to lose himself to anger and seek revenge, or get back to the hard work of living.
The Outlaws Scarlett and Browne by Jonathan Stroud, available as Print | eBook | eAudiobook
Scarlett McCain is a shoot-first ask-questions-later kind of outlaw. She scrapes by on bank heists, her wits – and never looking back. She’s on the run from her latest crime when she comes across Albert Browne. He is the sole survivor of a horrific accident, and against her better judgment, Scarlett agrees to guide him to safety. This is a mistake. Soon there are men with dogs and guns and explosives hot on their heels. Scarlett’s used to being chased by the law, but this is extreme. It was only a little bank she robbed…As they flee together across the wilds, fighting off monstrous beasts, and dodging their pursuers, Scarlett comes to realize that Albert Browne is hiding a terrible secret. And that he may be the most dangerous threat of all.
Healer and Witch by Nancy Werlin, available as Print
Sylvie and her mother and grandmother are beloved, trusted healers in their French village at the end of the Middle Ages, though some whisper that fifteen-year-old Sylvie and her grand-mère deal in more than herbs and medicines. Perhaps they’re a bit…witchy? After her grandmother dies, and an attempt to use her untrained magic to heal her mother’s grief yields tragic consequences, Sylvie leaves in search of a teacher. Accompanied by Martin, the farrier’s youngest son, Sylvia finds herself on a journey rife with strange alliances, power temptations, danger, and deceit. In the end, there may be only one wisewoman Sylvie can trust in a world that would define her limits: herself.
When Winter Robeson Came by Brenda Woods, available as Print | eAudiobook
In August 1965, twelve-year-old Eden’s older cousin from Mississippi comes to visit her in Los Angeles, and while the Watts Riots erupt around them, they continue their investigation of the disappearance of Winter’s father ten years ago.
Worser by Jennifer Ziegler, available as Print
William Wyatt Orser’s life is turned upside down after his mother has a stroke, but the socially awkward, word-loving twelve-year-old finds glimmers of hope when he discovers friends who share his love of wordplay and books.
Graphic Novels
Little Monarchs by Jonathan Case, available as Print
In the twenty-second century, a sun shift has made it impossible for mammals to survive in the daylight, and ten-year-old Elvie and her caretaker, Flora, are studying the migration route of monarch butterflies along when used to be the western coast of the United States, hoping that something in the butterflies wing scales can be used to protect people from the sun and save humanity from extinction.
The Dire Days of Willoweep Manor by Shaenon K. Garrity, available as Print
After she saves a man from drowning, Haley wakes up in a pocket universe that appears as a gothic estate and helps three brothers whose job it is to protect her world against a penultimate evil.
Salt Magic by Hope Larson, available as Print
Twelve-year-old Vonceil Taggart, willing to risk everything to set things right, leaves her family’s Oklahoma farm in 1919 seeking the salt witch who cast a spell that turned their spring to saltwater.
Fearless by Kenny Porter, available as Print
Determined to reignite her waning friendship with a girl who has moved two towns away, an enthusiastic fangirl hatches an ambitious plan to ride her bicycle all the way to her friend’s new school.
Bounce Back by Misako Rokkusu, available as Print
Lilico’s life in Japan is going well. She has great friends and is the captain of the school’s basketball team. She’s happy! Then comes her parents’ news: they’re moving to America! Before she knows it, Lilico finds herself in Brooklyn, New York, forced to start all over. And that won’t be easy with her closest friends thousands of miles away or a school bully who immediately dislikes her. Luckily, anime-loving Nala and Henry eventually befriend Lilico and with help from them – along with her guardian spirit who looks a lot like her cat, Nico – Lilico just might figure out where she fits in.
The Dragon Path by Ethan Young, available as Print
The Wong Clan must leave their ruined homeland for a better life in the mythical Old Land, but to get there they must follow the dragon path, where their sworn enemies, the Dragon Tribe, rule. During a surprise attack, Prince Sing is separated from his clan. With the help of Ming, a powerful mystic from the Old Land, and Midnight, a monstrous warrior beast, Prince Sing must do all he can to save both his family and the Dragon Tribe from mutual destruction.
Nonfiction and Biographies
Race to the Bottom of the Earth: Surviving Antarctica by Rebecca Barone, available as Print
In 1910, Captain Robert Scott prepared his crew for a trip that no one had ever completed: a journey to the South Pole. He vowed to get there any way he could, even if it meant looking death in the eye. Then, not long before he set out, the telegram arrived: “Proceeding to Antarctic – Roald Amundsen.” What was to be an expedition had become a race. One hundred and eight years later, Captain Louis Rudd readied himself for a similarly grueling task: the first solo crossing of treacherous Antarctica. Then came the Instagram message: “On Nov. 1, I depart for the ice – Colin O’Brady.” What was to be a journey had become a race.
The Race of the Century: The Battle to Break the Four-Minute Mile by Neal Bascomb, available as Print | Playaway
There was a time when running the mile in four minutes was believed to be beyond the limits of human foot speed. In 1952, after suffering defeat at the Helsinki Olympics, three world-class runners each set out to break this barrier. Roger Bannister was a young English medical student who epitomized the ideal of the amateur; John Landy the privileged son of a genteel Australian family; and Wes Santee the swaggering American, a Kansas farm boy and natural athlete. Spanning three continents and defying the odds, these athletes’ collective quest captivated the world.
The Curse of the Mummy: Uncovering Tutankhamun’s Tomb by Candace Fleming, available as Print
During the reign of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the boy pharaoh Tutankhamun ruled and died tragically young. In order to send him on his way into the afterlife, his tomb was filled with every treasure he would need after death. And then, it was lost to time, buried in the sands of the Valley of the Kings. His tomb was also said to be cursed. Centuries later, as Egypt-mania gripped Europe, two Brits – a rich earl with a habit for gambling and a disreputable, determined archaeologist – worked for years to rediscover and open Tutankhamun’s tomb. But once it was uncovered, would ancient powers take their revenge for disturbing and even looting the pharaoh’s resting place? What else could explain the mysterious illnesses, accidents, and deaths that began once it was found?
The Woman All Spies Fear: Code Breaker Elizebeth Smith Friedman and Her Hidden Life by Amy Butler Greenfield, available as Print | eBook | eAudiobook
Biography of Elizebeth Smith Friedman, an American woman who pioneered codebreaking in World War I and World War II but was only recently recognized for her extraordinary contributions to the field.
The Deadliest Diseases Then and Now by Deborah Hopkinson, available as Print | eBook
The deadly outbreak of plague known as the Great Mortality, which struck Europe in the mid 1300s and raged for four centuries, wiped out more than 25 million people in the course of just two years. With its vicious onslaught, life changed for millions of people almost instantaneously. Deadly pandemics have always been a part of life, from the Great Mortality of the Middle Ages, to the Spanish Influenza outbreak of 1918, to the eruption of COVID-19 in our own century. Many of these diseases might have seemed like things to read about in history books – until the unthinkable happened, and our own lives were turned upside down by the emergence of the novel coronavirus. As we learn more about COVID-19, we may be curious about pandemics of the past. Knowing how humans fought diseases long ago may help us face those today.
Notable Native People: 50 Indigenous Leaders, Dreamers, and Changemakers from Past and Present by Adrienne Keene, available as Print
An accessible and educational illustrated book profiling 50 notable American India, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian people, from NBA star Kyrie Irving of the Standing Rock Lakota to Wilma Mankiller, the first female principal chief of Cherokee Nation. Celebrate the lives, stories, and contributions of Indigenous artists, activists, scientists, athletes, and other changemakers in this illustrated collection. Also offers accessible primers on important Indigenous issues, from the legacy of colonialism and cultural appropriation to food sovereignty, land and water rights, and more. An indispensable read for people of all backgrounds seeking to learn about Native American heritage, histories, and cultures, Notable Native People will educate and inspire readers of all ages.
How to Change Everything: The Young Human’s Guide to Protecting the Planet and Each Other by Naomi Klein, available as Print
Warmer temperatures. Fires in the Amazon. Superstorms. These are just some of the effects of climate change that we are already experiencing. The good news is that we can all do something about it. A movement is already underway to combat not only the environmental effects of climate change but also to fight for climate justice and make a fair and livable future possible for everyone. And young people are not just part of that movement, they are leading the way. They are showing us that this moment of danger is also a moment of great opportunity – an opportunity to change everything.
Meltdown: Earthquake, Tsunami, and Nuclear Disaster in Fukushima by Deirdre Langeland, available as Print
On March 11, 2011, the largest earthquake ever measured in Japan occurred off the northeast coast. It triggered a tsunami with a wall of water 128 feet high. The tsunami damaged the nuclear power plant in Fukushima triggering the nightmare scenario – a nuclear meltdown. For six days, employees at the plant worked to contain the meltdown and disaster workers scoured the surrounding flooded area for survivors. This book examines the science behind such a massive disaster and looks back at the people who experienced an unprecedented trifecta of destruction.
Art of Protest: Creating, Discovering, and Activating Art for Your Revolution by De Nichols, available as Print
From Keith Haring to Extinction Rebellion, the civil rights movement to Black Lives Matter, what does a revolution look like? Discover the power of words and images in this thought-provoking look at protest art by artivist De Nichols.
Fallout: Spies, Superbombs, and the Ultimate Cold War Showdown by Steve Sheinkin, available as Print | eAudiobook
As World War II comes to a close, the United States and the Soviet Union emerge as the two greatest world powers on extreme opposites of the political spectrum. After the United States showed its hand with the atomic bomb in Hiroshima, the Soviets refuse to be left behind. With communism sweeping the globe, the two nations begin a neck-and-neck competition to build even more destructive bombs and conquer the Space Race. In their battle for dominance, spy planes fly above, armed submarines swim depe below, and undercover agents meet in the dead of night. The Cold War game grows more precarious as weapons are pointed toward each other, with fingers literally on the trigger. The decades-long showdown culminates in the Cuban Missile Crisis, the world’s close call with the third-and-final-world war.
Rhinos in Nebraska: The Amazing Discovery of the Ashfall Fossil Beds by Alison Pearce Stevens, available as Print
Twelve million years ago, rhinos, elephants, and giraffes roamed North America. They would gather at nearby watering holes – eating, drinking, and trying not to become someone else’s lunch. But one day, in what we now know as Nebraska, everything changed. The explosion of a supervolcano a thousand miles away sent a blanket of ash that buried these animals for millennia. Until 1953, when a seventeen-year-old farm worker made an unbelievable discovery. This is the first book to be published about the Ashfall Fossil beds, where more than two hundred perfectly preserved fossils have been found.
The Genius Under the Table: Growing Up Behind the Iron Curtain by Eugene Yelchin,
Last Gamer Standing by Katie Zhao, available as Print
In twelve-year-old Reyna Cheng’s world, gaming is everything. Professional esports teams are the mainstream celebrities. Kids begin training from a young age, aspiring for the big leagues. Reyna is the up-and-coming junior amateur Dayhold gamer, competing in a VR battle royale against AI monsters and human players. But despite Reyna’s rising popularity and skills, no one knows who she is. Gaming is still a boys’ club and to protect herself against trolls and their harassment, she games as the mysterious TheRuiNar. When Reyna qualifies for the Dayhold Junior Tournament, she knows she’s got what it takes to win the championship title and the $10,000 prize. It’s a chance to make a step forward towards her professional esports dreams and to help her family with the cost of her mother’s hospital bills. But when’s she’s blackmailed and threatened with doxxing by an anonymous troll, Reyna has to confront the toxic gaming community head-on.
Star Child: A Biographical Constellation of Octavia Estelle Butler by Ibi Zoboi, available as Print | eBook | eAudiobook
Born into the Space Race, the Red Scare, and the dawning Civil Rights Movement, Butler experienced an American childhood that shaped her into the groundbreaking science-fiction storyteller whose novels continue to challenge and delight readers fifteen years after her death.
